Bhutan is a small
developing country with small population of approximately about 7 lakhs. The
developmental philosophy is Gross National Happiness (GNH) which has gained so
many worldwide appreciation and praise. But on the other hand, like any other
developing or developed countries, Bhutan has its own share of problems and
challenges. Youth unemployment problem is one of the most challenging one that Bhutan
is facing and we can’t really afford to stand and stare this exponential growth
each passing day. With the development of a people, society and country at large,
youth unemployment is becoming a major problem which affects not only
individuals, but also the society in every region. And to solve this problem,
it is not only the sole responsibility of a government or agencies,
non-governmental organizations or private companies or corporations, but a
collective responsibility. All must go together hand in hand. Otherwise it
would be too far from realizing it and the concept of GNH would be so
challenging a task to be achieved. There are various factors that directly or
indirectly lead to the problem of youth unemployment in any country.
Unemployment problem
can be caused by the lack of necessary and required skill in a relevant field, the
mismatch of the job and this is the most determining factor in our country. Every
thousands of students from middle and higher secondary schools across the
country and graduates from universities both within and outside the country are
produced. But what is sad is the inability to absorb these passed out youths
because of the mismatch of what they learned and what is required by the
employer. This is the major cause of concern for Bhutan government and
Bhutanese people. With number of students increasing every year, the problem
will only keep soaring unless certain measures are taken care at hand.
It is so obvious to see
that young people without a job for long time may probably endanger the very
stability and sovereignty of a society and nation as a whole. Youths are always
filled with enthusiasm and burning desire with righteous ardor. They need a
suitable career to realize their dreams and aspirations. Without a decent job,
a proper guidance or engagement, our youths may resort and attribute to so many
social problems and lead them to embark the path of degeneration and crimes.
Youth unemployment is also an unseen waste of talents and resources. Our
dynamic and farsighted kings have always emphasized the importance of youths
and youngsters in nation building and that they are the future of a nation, but
what a waste it is when number of university graduates sits around all day long
roaming the streets, gambling and has no decent career to develop, let alone
seek his or her dreams.
To bring our youth to a
bright future, our schools, government and youth we have our own chunk of
responsibilities. The government must make sure and initiate that the
universities and colleges across the country present an appropriate course (the
syllabus) that is associated with relevant work experience after the completion
of studies. Any company or an employer will never refuse to recruit an
individual with sound knowledge of the work with fund of interest and
enthusiasms. The companies and the agencies have the responsibility to offer
job opportunities with deserving emoluments and rewards. And the youth
themselves in turn has to do their best to become qualified and capable. There
is no question that a position will be rejected if one has the most suitable
talent and capability.
Rural-Urban migration
is another most prominent factor that causes the youth employment problem in
our country. Bhutan is still developing country, an aid dependent country and
not all parts of the country are accessible to better modern facilities. People
living in the rural areas without basic facilities like road, electricity, safe
drinking water become an easy prey to the modern life in urban centers where
such facilities are present. Young students leave in the middle of their
schoolings to better life in towns and cities. People abandon their happy and
secured life at home in villages, which they think are but the hardest, the
cruelest and most unfortunate. They
migrate to urban areas in search of jobs and better facilities where not
everyone is fortunate enough to live up to their dreams leading to not only
unemployment problem but also many other social problems like gang fights, drug
addiction, flesh trade and even suicidal cases at times.
To mitigate this
problem, the government must have a balanced developmental strategies and programs
in place; the industries must be set up in designated areas where it can retain
people in and around and which can benefit people surrounding it. This is where
private sector comes into picture and hence private sector must be empowered
and strengthened with certain responsibilities, authority and accountability.
Private sector is one of the main engines behind any developmental activities of
a country and it must be morally supported and nurtured with proper guidance
and regulations.
Corruption and nepotism
is yet another factor that has a direct link to unemployment problem. Small and
religious country like Bhutan can’t afford to have such incidents because it is
too small to deceive and be deceived, where everyone can know each other within
small span of time. Corruption and
nepotism is the very root creator of the difference between haves and have not’s.
But ironically, corruption and nepotism seems to be rampant in our country that
every day we hear rumors about recruitments being tainted and disturbed by bigwigs.
Such actions deprive the rights of certain sections of society and can hardly
progress as compared to those uplifted by some sort of assistance. Hence this
must be curbed by legislation of strict rules against corrupted people. As proposed
by good governance committee (in national council) in the recent parliament
session, the merit-based recruitment and selection process must precede over
social connection and there must be a mechanism to fix accountability on heads
and human resource officers.
Bhutan may be a tiny
Himalayan country, but it is adorned with rich biodiversity and these natural
and renewable natural resources must be put into good use. The constitution of
the country states 60% of country’s areas to be maintained under forest cover
and therefore, maintaining this, the rest must be utilized to a good purpose.
The government must come up with various small scale and cottage industries
that will absorb and engage number of unemployed individuals. Otherwise what is
the use of leaving such resources unutilized and then ultimately giving way to
illegal utilization and transactions like the recent one at Paro dzongkhag? Bhutan
can also harness various other renewable resources like wind and solar which
can be a good alternative towards alleviation of living standards of middle and
lower class families, an indirect way to curb unemployment problem.
We have a parent
Ministry- the ministry of Labor and Human resources, which coordinate and
facilitates an easy outflow of the employment opportunities in the country and
which act as a bridge between the employers and the job seekers. A lot of
mechanisms and programs are conducted like internship programs to gain
experience in a relevant field which is appreciated and which must be continued
fairly without fear or favor. There are complains and criticisms about the
ineffectiveness of such programs because of the inability of ministry to take
action and I am convinced that the ministry has no teeth to really put their
efforts to reliable and productive implementation. This must be taken into
account with appropriate solutions by the government, morally supported by
public as well as the private to further strengthen its capacities with certain
legislations and executive authorities to function effectively and
independently.
Certain immediate
measure like job fairs to sensitize and create awareness about changing the
mindset of our youths take interest in blue color jobs, the dignity of labor
must be increased an implemented. Certain unconventional methods of earning
like betting and gambling which are done secretly in closed doors must be
legalized which would reduce the exploitation and increase in taxes. The government
must also support civil society organizations (CSOs) and Non-Governmental organization
(NGOs) which takes in large number of personnel.
As stated earlier, the
youth unemployment problem should not be thought of as an individual problem,
it is a national (perhaps global!) problem and everyone must put their head and hands
together. The employers should not too strict, seeking only the experienced
ones. How can one gain experience without even getting recruited? And the job seekers in turn should not be too
choosy and think of only the incentives, because there is nothing as free lunch!
One must prove that one is capable and deserving. Otherwise the youth
unemployment problem will only aggravate in times to come.
PS: An essay i wrote sometime ago; credit also to Mr. Namgang for relevant help..